Between many mountain ranges are several rich river valleys. It is one of five states to have no sales tax.[317]. [142] It then flows northeasterly[142] across the state through Billings, Miles City, Glendive, and Sidney. In addition to cross-country trails at most of the downhill ski areas, there are also 13 private cross-country skiing resorts. [62] In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means. [208], Montana's Constitution specifically reads, "the state recognizes the distinct and unique cultural heritage of the American Indians and is committed in its educational goals to the preservation of their cultural integrity. The governor is Greg Gianforte, a Republican elected in 2020. Throughout the state, summer nights are generally cool and pleasant. There are five public service commissioners, who are elected on a regional basis. The Kerguelen Islands are antipodal to the MontanaSaskatchewanAlberta border. Conversely, air flow from the southwest results in "chinooks". [210] It mandates that all schools teach American Indian history, culture, and heritage from preschool through college. There have also been long-term shifts in party control. The largest reservoir in the state is Fort Peck Reservoir on the Missouri river, which is contained by the second largest earthen dam and largest hydraulically filled dam in the world. The table below lists average temperatures for the warmest and coldest month for Montana's seven largest cities. Population (2020) 1,084,225. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. Indigenous peoples in the region were also decimated by diseases introduced by fur traders to which they had no immunity. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead Valley and Lake McDonald and St. Mary Lake in Glacier National Park. [183], Collectively all of these areas (excluding Havre) are known informally as the "big seven", as they are consistently the seven largest communities in the state (their rank order in terms of population is Billings, Missoula, Great Falls, Bozeman, Butte, Helena and Kalispell, according to the 2010 U.S. Primarily rural, Montana is home to national parks, miles of open country, an abundance of wildlife and spectacular scenery. Beginning in the mid-1990s, the state also had an influx of Amish, who moved to Montana from increasingly urbanized areas of Ohio and Pennsylvania. Montanas land area is 145,545 square miles. The two largest schools, the University of Montana and Montana State University, are members of the Big Sky Conference and have enjoyed a strong athletic rivalry since the early twentieth century. Montana currently has 129 active incorporated municipalities, of which 76 are towns, 51 are cities and 2 are consolidated city and county governments. [23] While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led Whites to believe the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions. Routes 2 and 12 and Montana Highway 200 also traverse the entire state from east to west. The constitution was narrowly approved, 116,415 to 113,883, and declared ratified on June 20, 1972. More than 40 spent time in prison. When a suitcase full of money disappears, the members of the gang quickly turn on each other. For other uses, see, "Big Sky Country" redirects here. New - 6 hours ago. [222] Also, 15,438 (1.7% of the state population) were speakers of Indo-European languages other than English or Spanish, 10,154 (1.1%) were speakers of a Native American language, and 4,052 (0.4%) were speakers of an Asian or Pacific Islander language. [59], In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917, which was extended by the Sedition Act of 1918. [91], East of the divide, several roughly parallel ranges cover the state's southern part, including the Gravelly Range, Madison Range, Gallatin Range, Absaroka Mountains, and Beartooth Mountains. Read on for our top 15 places to visit in Montana in 2022. Eastern Montana . 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. [139] Through the Missouri, these rivers ultimately join the Mississippi River and flow into the Gulf of Mexico.[140]. From 1968 through 1988, the state was dominated by the Democratic Party, with Democratic governors for a 20-year period, and a Democratic majority of both the national congressional delegation and during many sessions of the state legislature. This is a broad outline history of the state of Montana in the United States . With Kyra Sedgwick, Stanley Tucci, Robin Tunney, Robbie Coltrane. network. [28] By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States. [294] As of August 2013, there are 527 FCC-licensed FM radio stations broadcast in Montana, with 114 such AM stations. KALISPELL - A total of 15 murals depicting Glacier National Park were donated to the Hockaday Museum of Art in Kalispell in 2012. [274] Fishing makes up a sizeable component of Montana's total tourism economic output: in 2017, nonresidents generated $4.7 billion in economic output, of which, $1.3 billion was generated by visitor groups participating in guided fishing experiences.[275]. Montana: Directed by Jennifer Leitzes. Hell Roaring Creek begins in southern Montana, and when combined with the Red Rock, Beaverhead, Jefferson, Missouri, and Mississippi River, is the longest river in North America and the fourth longest river in the world. Burnings of German-language books and several near-hangings occurred. [13], As part of the Missouri River watershed, all of the land in Montana east of the Continental Divide was part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. [49] Homesteaders arriving in this period were known as "Honyockers", or "scissorbills". The Montana Supreme Court has the authority to declare acts of the legislature and executive unconstitutional under either the Montana or U.S. constitutions. [126] The Clark Fork discharges the greatest volume of water of any river exiting the state. [128], East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Rivers near Three Forks,[129] flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. According to the 2000 census, 94.8% of the population aged five and older speak English at home. [36] Surveys in 1874, 1875, and 1876 helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876. [120][121] Montana's water resources provide for recreation, hydropower, crop and forage irrigation, mining, and water for human consumption. KALISPELL - A total of 15 murals depicting Glacier National Park were donated to the Hockaday Museum of Art in Kalispell in 2012. [12] Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given that most of the territory was not mountainous and thought a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one. A series of major mineral discoveries in the western part of the state found gold, silver, copper, lead, and coal (and later oil) which attracted tens of thousands of miners to the area. [113] Tablelands are often topped with argillite gravel and weathered quartzite, occasionally underlain by shale. There are 22 judicial districts in Montana, served by 56 District Courts and 46 District Court judges. The treaty was ratified in 1859. No textbooks were used in the school. Land United States: The northern Mountain region Montana The western two-fifths of Montana falls within the Rocky Mountains, and the eastern three-fifths lies upon the Great Plains. [168], Average daytime temperatures vary from 28F or 2.2C in January to 84.5F or 29.2C in July. The western half is mountainous, interrupted by numerous large valleys. In addition, Amtrak's Empire Builder train runs through the north of the state, stopping in Libby, Whitefish, West Glacier, Essex, East Glacier Park, Browning, Cut Bank, Shelby, Havre, Malta, Glasgow, and Wolf Point. Montana's House district is the largest congressional district in the United States by population, with just over 1,023,000 constituents. Extensive new constitutional rights for victims of crime were approved in 2016. Go Find Out Go Find Out, In Montana Montana is the kind of place that, just at the mention of it, sparks curiosity and fuels adventure. [127] The Kootenai River in northwest Montana is another major tributary of the Columbia. Montana's Official State Website - Home Featured Resources Election Results File Your Tax Return or Where's my Refund File Upload for W-2s, 1099s & MW-3s Montana REAL ID File an Unemployment Claim Online Driver License Renewal Education Donation Portal Search for a Job Renew your Professional License Hunting Information Register A Business East and north of this transition zone are the expansive and sparsely populated Northern Plains, with tableland prairies, smaller island mountain ranges, and badlands. Montana is the only one of the first 48 states lacking a completed battleship being named for it. [55], As World War I broke out, Jeannette Rankin, representative of Montana and the first woman in the United States to be a member of Congress, voted against the United States' declaration of war. The District Courts suffer from excessive workload, and the legislature has struggled to find a solution to the problem. [167] Low clouds and fog often form in the valleys west of the divide in winter, but this is rarely seen in the east. A 12th nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls; it is recognized by the state of Montana, but not by the U.S. government. [287] In 2013, AARP The Magazine named the Billings Clinic one of the safest hospitals in the United States. [59] Overall, anti-German and antilabor sentiment increased and created a movement that led to the passage of the Montana Sedition Act the following February. [12] Other names, such as Shoshone, were suggested, but the Committee on Territories decided that they had discretion to choose the name, so the original name of Montana was adopted. Montana is called the Treasure State because of its immense mineral wealth. Most of the larger cities get 30 to 50 inches or 0.76 to 1.27 meters of snow each year. [284], Snow coach tours are offered at Big Sky, Whitefish, West Yellowstone and into Yellowstone National Park. On November 8, 1889, President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the union's 41st state. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. However, it will get its second district back due to reapportionment following the 2020 census. Montanas Official Tourism, Travel & Vacation Info Site If the horizon was endless, where would you go? [143] The Yellowstone joins the Missouri in North Dakota just east of Fort Union. The legislature meets in the Montana State Capitol in Helena in odd-numbered years for 90 days, beginning the first weekday of the year. 1 bed. Montana Youth Courts were established by the Montana Youth Court Act of 1974. Every gift, no matter the size, helps Montana State fulfill its land grant mission and provides unparalleled educational opportunities for future generations. [130] From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks to Fort Peck reservoir. Montana currently has 129 active incorporated municipalities, of which 76 are towns, 51 are cities and 2 are consolidated city and county governments. [311] Major amendments include establishment of a reclamation trust (funded by taxes on natural resource extraction) to restore mined land (1974); restoration of sovereign immunity, when such immunity has been approved by a two-thirds vote in each house (1974); establishment of a 90-day biennial (rather than annual) legislative session (1974); establishment of a coal tax trust fund, funded by a tax on coal extraction (1976); conversion of the mandatory decennial review of county government into a voluntary one, to be approved or disallowed by residents in each county (1978); conversion of the provision of public assistance from a mandatory civil right to a non-fundamental legislative prerogative (1988);[312] a new constitutional right to hunt and fish (2004); a prohibition on gay marriage (2004); and a prohibition on new taxes on the sale or transfer of real property (2010). In addition, Montana was going through a temporary period of higher-than-average precipitation. Montana's only northsouth Interstate Highway is Interstate 15. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Montana RailLink, a privately held Class II railroad, operates former Northern Pacific trackage in western Montana. During World War II, the planned battleship USS Montana was named in honor of the state but it was never completed. [82], The Bitterroot Mountainsone of the longest continuous ranges in the Rocky Mountain chain from Alaska to Mexico[83]along with smaller ranges, including the Coeur d'Alene Mountains and the Cabinet Mountains, divide the state from Idaho. Its size is comparable to countries such as Norway, Zimbabwe, and Japan. [256] Montana allows the smallest"Class C"high schools to utilize six-man football teams,[257] dramatized in the independent 2002 film The Slaughter Rule.[258]. Is Montana a good place to live? The 38th Annual Montana Aviation Conference will be held at the Billings Hotel and Convention Center located at 1223 Mullowney Lane, Billngs, Montana 59101. [167] Winter cold spells are usually the result of cold continental air coming south from Canada. The U.S. Constitution provides each state with a single representative, with additional representatives apportioned based on population. The property's value is multiplied by a tax rate, set by the Montana Legislature, to determine its taxable value. The area west of the divide has a modified northern Pacific Coast climate, with milder winters, cooler summers, less wind, and a longer growing season. [175][176] The warmer winters in the region have allowed various species to expand their ranges and proliferate. [167], The climate has become warmer in Montana[when?] From 1889 to 1909, elections for judicial office in Montana were partisan. In northwest Montana is the only one of the legislature has struggled to a... 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