One could say that in the Qene School the content of learning covers practically all aspects of the values of the traditional social system in which the student lives. . = , 30 . . Roles of Orthodox teachings. = , 25. ( ) = , 4. = , 15. Ethiopian Orthodox Church school's curriculum and its ways of provision, assessment, code of conduct, methodology and the livelihood of Ye'qolo Temari. Generally, the approach to reality is well mixed with mythical attitudes. Today the standardized table Aa, Bu, Gi, Da is much used, however, so that the pupil may learn even this by heart and only comes to distinguish the individual characters well after much practice. In their present form the church schools evolved during the golden age of the Church from the 13th to the 16th centuries when the literature of the Church had reached its peak. = , 5. () -., 18 - = , 11 - = , 20 - = , 21 - = , 3. : 1: - - - Theoretically, priests and monks can also be characterized as Debtera, if they have completed studies in one of the higher schools. One of the group reads a sentence or a phrase. The pupil now learns to read the psalms, the most important devotional book of Ethiopian Christians. We have seen that the Qedasse bet trains mainly the altar priests, who are known as the semonegna (those who serve weekly). Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. = , 00. Ancient chanted liturgy with congregation participating with clapping, ululation and rhythmic movements has been retained from that era. [5] Yared, who lived in the sixth century, represents the first known case of indigenous Ethiopian musical notation and religious music. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. The church school system, which is one of the oldest in Christendom, originated in the Aksumite Kingdom with the introduction of Christianity about the 4th century. Ethiopian liturgical chants were developed only after that. This does not include pupils receiving instruction in the village schools and in private compounds. It has been expounded by the fathers of the Church both in the . .. = , 28. He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. Ethiopianorthodox.org traffic volume is 941 unique daily visitors and their 1,881 pageviews. memorization. . . He can then practice reading different religious texts. Despite it's the Ethiopia Orthodox Mezmur old history and undiscovered information this topic is given a little focus and . A member of the Oriental Orthodox family of Churches, the Church of Ethiopia shares with them in essence a common faith. Generally, the first epistle of St. John is used for the purpose. [ ], 1. [2], Any form of Ethiopian gospel music was not recorded until the 1950s when priest Mere Geta Lisanework assisted the Ethiopian Radio in recording. = , 4. = , 26. The more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners. First there is a prayer to be recited. house of zema [chant]) is a part of the system of traditional church education. We find the Nebab Bet in practically all churches and monasteries, in a number of villages and in the compounds of well-to-do landlords. Debesey/Exesabeque#Eritrea #Ethiopia #TigraiWay Zema/ : Dn Filmon Yebyo: Orthodox Tewahdo Mezmur 2021https://youtu.be/oEOuYUPqFi4Zemari Filmo Yebyo Zemari Bereket Tikue Zemarit Mari AlemZemarit Hermela YehishoDebesey/Exesabeque1. ( ) 1 - () = : 19 = Children of the clergy, who use church lands usually enter such schools in order to become deacon or priests in a church (and thus keep their church land in the hands of the family). ( ) (..). . Modern theological colleges exist which combine traditional studies with the broader curriculum demanded in the twentieth century. The third branch is Liqawent, which presents studies and comments on the various writings of the Church Fathers, e.g. Education takes place in liturgical dance schools called aqwaqwam bt and includes, in addition to singing and dancing, training in traditional instruments such as the kebero, drums, tsanatsel, sistrum, and mequamia. He should not, however, contradict or be critical of religious and other accepted values. 37 - , 1 - - ( 1 - 7 ) , 2 - , 6 - , 8 - - ( 8 - 11 ) , 9 - , 1 - .. , 2 - , 3 - , 4 - , 5 - , 6 - , 7 - , 8 - ' , 9 - , 10 - ' , 11 - , 12 - , 13 - , 14 - , 15 - , 16 - , 17 - , 18 - . () = , 20. The few handwritten manuscripts on parchments were, and still are, very expensive. There are ofcourse reasons for their diligence. If one misses a word or an idea, another member of the group recalls it and supplements. [2] The tradition began after the sixth century and is traditionally identified with Saint Yared. As the main task of the session some Geez verbs are conjugated, and the proper usage of selected verbs and nouns is demonstrated by examples from different Qene verses composed by the teacher and advanced students on the spot. It follows upon the nbab bet, the zema bet, the qddase bet and precedes the mshaf bet. Those who want to study further may join the next school, the Metsehaf Bet. . It is estimated that the introduction of Christianity took place in Ethiopia around 300 A.D. In doing so, a mixed-method research approach with the convergent parallel design was employed. This step is important, so the pupil spends more time on it. The lessons advance in this manner day after day until the student finishes the fixed text of the hymn and knows it by heart. A student of the Nebab Bet or Qedasse Bet, who would like to join the higher schools, usually leaves his parents and joins the wandering students who travel from parish to parish and form monastery to monastery. display: none !important; The heavy demands of cultivation and cattle tending force the parents to demand the services of their children. The method he uses is the chanting from and the Wurdnebab reading process. = , 08. learning by counting each letter. In some cases the Ethiopic catechetical book, the Aemade Mestir (Columnae Mister), particularly Mistere Sellassie (on the Trinity), is taught in Amharic. Written by Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie and Professor Tadesse Tamerat The modern schools often accepts more readily in their primary grades those children who can already read and write. MARYAM () : https://youtu.be/6I1ujFtU0CciTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14482. () : The story or legend of the saint whose feast is to be celebrated on the next day is then narrated; this comprises the theme of the Qene composition by the students, using the vocabulary and grammar already discussed at the session. The student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema. . The teacher of Zema sits in the middle of his pupils, who are practicing their daily assignment of the hymns individually or in-groups. . At certain ceremonies he may recite prayers, if no priest is available. He then learns Zeamlakiye (3 verses), Wazema (5 verses). = , 11 - = , 12 - = , 13 - = , 14 - = , 15 - . However, Ethiopian Churches in smaller communities face challenges in maintaining the liturgical cycle and musical tradition. Furthermore, since the instruction is considered sacred, just as prayer is, the student takes his assignment seriously. The main courses of study are in church music, church poetry, and religious literature, each divided according to content of instruction. 3) higher schools, namely the beginning of reading. What is the process of training and what is offered in the higher schools? The priests and Church scholars who are the bearers and propagators of traditional learning have themselves been formed in the church school system that we propose to examine in some detail. [ . ], 16 - , 17 - = , 18 - . () = . Non-Christian families are reluctant to send their children to a Nebab bet because it is closely integrated with the church. It may be that church schools as a whole will take on a new impetus and play an important role in raising the general level of education of the clergy in the future. [ ], 9. In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. The pupil then repeats the sentence till he knows it well. In this way the historical interpretations are mixed with legendary tales and special natural events, all considered to be miracles, and even concrete phenomena are given symbolical meanings. = , 7 - = , 2. Every evening he has to memorize the daily prayers. in Gojjam, the Gonji and Washera schools of Qene differ from this. He repeats this for months. A number of theological students have also progressed to further advanced studies abroad. . = , 22 - . " " With the spread of modern education and a modern school system this institution is declining. = . Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. Singing students (dq mermur) become singers (dbtra) and some will eventually become masters (mrigta). The students begins by learning first the simplest Qene form known as the Gubae Qana which is epigram composed of two rhyming verses. Students at Yared School of Music, Addis Ababa University, playing Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Yaredawi Song . selected epistles of St. Paul, St. James, and St. Peter; the Gospels, usually the Gospel of St. John is used as a text for exercise; Arganon: praises of St. Tamara Mariam: the miracles and wonder of St. Mary; Paulos: the epistles of St. Paul; Tamara Iyasus: the miracles of Jesus; the Acts of the Apostles, etc. Nibezhu ( 3 long verses), Sellassie ( 6 verses), Zeyieze ( 5 or 6 verses), Kibryieti ( 4 verses), Itane Mogar ( 7 or 11 verses) and Mewadis ( 8 verses). 6 Humming at the lowest range of the male voice. ( ) = , 13. The Qene lessons usually start in the afternoon or in some places early in the evening. 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church - About-us . BEALTI XELOT ( ) : https://youtu.be/yyz8lAfwMFY6. [ . [2][9] It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. = , 12. The educational system in Ethiopia has been profoundly molded by the past. . It is also an occasion of joy for the family, and the parents usually organize a feast to mark the event. . = , 8 - () = - - . Aside from the Authoritarian tradition there is another consideration; the student is not allowed to have a critical opinion about any text to be commented upon, since it is believed that God revealed the content to the Fathers through the Holy Sprit. Ethiopianorthodox.org The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. There are different Qne bet the main centres of learning are in Wadla (Wllo), Gong (Goggam), Wara (Damot, Goggam); Gondr (s. Admasu Gmbre 1971/72: 10). Such schools may perhaps play a wider role within the context of the national campaign for literacy and provide more instruction for adults as well as young pupils. In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne. In practice however, few fall into this category, and these few are not usually known as Debtera. He can be permitted to teach the beginners; he can improvise qne, continue a Qne bet started by another, lecture qne but always standing, until his graduation day as qne master, and he is able to interrupt an author composing qne (KaneDic 803b). Today children use a printed table of letters, which is glued on a single sheet of cardboard. ], 1. ( ) . [12], Liturgical chant used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Saint Yared's Hymn for the Feast of Saint Stephen, "Ethiopian chant | vocal music | Britannica", "Ethiopian Christian Liturgical Chant & Historical Context", "Choeur Saint Yared: Chants de L'glise thiopienne", "Oral and Written Transmission in Ethiopian Christian Chant", Norwegian University of Science and Technology, "St. Yared: The Great Ethiopian Composer", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_chant&oldid=1124513207, Articles with dead external links from December 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. = , 23 - . 2) Qedasse Bet (Liturgy school) The first type is known as Beluy. ( ) :: . [1] The related musical notation is known as melekket. / eathebook ! . Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar cit y. When the pupil knows the letters to some extent, he starts to practice reading a text. . . = , 1. = , 1. [ ], 9. Moreover, having its own written language and literature it developed from very early days a tradition of ecclesiastical scholarship. The teaching highly emphasized Christian and Islamic dogma; Christian education at primary level often conducted by clergy in place of worship and major monasteries located . When one of the students has mastered the hymn, he goes and sings before the teacher. However, before and after the mass there are readings of the scriptures, ritual dance, and long hymns and poems. = , 3. (Literature school) 1) The Nebab Bet The Nebab Bet, the Reading School or the "House of Reading" is the first stage of the traditional schools, where primary instruction is given. Children master the 231 letters of the Geez syllabary, and are drilled in the art of good reading. = , 16. [ ], 7 - = - ., 8 - = , 3 - = - ., 5 - ( ) = ( ), 6 - () = ( ), 19. 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Ethiopianorthodox.Org traffic volume is 941 unique daily visitors and their 1,881 pageviews - ). In Ethiopia around 300 A.D none! important ; the heavy demands of cultivation and tending...
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